Essay about Is Ethnography a Suitable method for Research

Is Ethnography a Suitable method for Research on Residential Satisfaction and Community Participation. Ethnography within its wider field of research is described as the study of peopleamp;#8217;s behaviour in terms of social contexts, with emphasis on interaction in everyday situations (Lindsay, 1997). It is further defined as research that constitutes the art and science of describing a group or culture (Fetterman, 1989). However, the specific definition that will be used throughout this work, is that of its role within qualitative research, which is summarised by Wainwright (1997) in his paper in The Qualitative Report, stating that ethnography can be distinguished as: amp;#8220;...the attempt to obtain an in-depth understanding of†¦show more content†¦When comparing the advantages of interviews with the method of observational research, it is obvious that interviews are far cheaper and much faster in generating data, being able to be completed in an hour or so. Hence, respondent numbers are usually higher than a research based upon observational techniques (Haralambos, 1986). Interviews also have the advantage of enabling the interviewer to examine quite complex issues, in a great depth of understanding as the interviewer is actually asking the respondent and receiving specific answers. Answers are available to compare with the interviewers personal observations, rather than just having simply observations (Hammersley, 1990; Hammersley, 1992). The main disadvantages of interviews is the problem of amp;#8216;interviewer biasamp;#8217; where the interviewer influences and directs the answer given by the respondent by his presence, or inadequate interviewing skills, in the fact that particular answers may be expected and this may transmit to the respondent and influence his or her reply (Haralambos, 1986; Lindsay, 1997). Additionally, difficulties also arise from the effect that discussions are artificial situations, especially when comparing this method with observational techniques. Respondents frequently tell researchers what they think they want to hear, and also what might be more acceptable than what actually goes on orShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods Are Used For Conducting Research757 Words   |  4 PagesResearch methods are referred as the techniques that are being used for conducting research in specific context or scenario. Myers and Avison (2002) interpreted the research methods in qualitative research as the strategy, which flows the underlying philosophical assumptions to research design and data collation. It influences the way of designing the research and collocating the data. A range of qualitative research methods, in particular for interpretivism research, can be adopted such as ethnographyRead MoreFacilitating Career Planning for African American Women in Organizational Leaders hip1283 Words   |  6 Pagesand retention of, African American women in levels of leadership within the Commonwealth. And while this topic may cause discomfort to both the researcher and the interviewees, â€Å"discomfort is an important, even desirable component of qualitative research. Being uncomfortable makes us more aware and alert, stretches our thinking, and enriches our insight about the very struggles and experiences of the marginalized or oppressed populations we study† (Padgett, 2004, p. 236). Purpose of the Study Read MoreImproving The New Online System Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesappropriate research method based on a literature review of research in hopes to understand the online systems efficiency more profusely. The purpose of this proposal is to suggest an appropriate style of research to head management on the new online system in regards to receiving and accessing roster shifts via smartphone app. The first section of the proposal will explain the importance of research and critical thinking followed by understanding the characteristics of the research report thatRead MoreThe Factors That Influence Women s Participation1500 Words   |  6 Pagesand observed various sports and sporting activities. In this chapter I will present the research techniques that I used for the study. The topics I will cover include: study design and method, sampling, sampling units, data collection, study area, my personal experience, data analyses, practice and theory in the field, observer effect and reality on the ground, and ethics. 3.2 The study design and methods This ethnographic study involved the use of participant observation, interviews and autoethnographyRead MoreResearch Methodology Used For Research1207 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodology Introduction This chapter discusses the methodology used for this research. Describing type of methodology in research study and define the chosen method and approach for this research. Then, the outline of research strategy used, framework this research conducted and data sources collected to obtain valid and reliable research as the objective determined. Review of Research of Methodology Broadly speaking, there are several purpose of research. It depends on the objectiveRead MoreEthnographers Relevance in Aiding the Understanding of Diverse Social Issues 927 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Ethnography is the study that facilitates the understanding of social interactions, behaviors and perceptions of individuals that are social, economic, and cultural in nature. Ethnographers study various aspects that present social connotations within diverse groups of people, teams, institutions, and societies. Its aim is to foster effective provision of credible information and insights pertaining to people’s views actions including nature (Kuper, 2006, p. 1). This paper gives credibleRead MoreQualitative Design Chart Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesqualitative research study depends on the research design. The qualitative design itself originates out of the disciplines and flow throughout the process of research (Creswell, 2014). Creswell (2014) recommends narrative, phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded theory as common qualitative research methods. These were recommended because of they are popular across the social and health and science research studie s. Hays and Woods (2011) asserted that selecting a research traditionRead MoreInternational Students Cope With Eating American Cuisine Essay831 Words   |  4 Pagesthat international students face is coping with American food. With food being linked to culture, international students must face one of the hardest tasks when coming to America, eating someone else’s culture while neglecting their own. In this research project, I will investigate how international students cope with eating American cuisine or what measures they take to avoid it. Introduction: Nothing represents a culture better than food. Food is the fastest way for people to bond and experienceRead MoreThe Impact Of Gender Inequality On Employee Satisfaction And Work Life Balance948 Words   |  4 PagesThe variables for this research are discussed below: Independent variable: gender inequality Dependent Variables: Employee satisfaction well-being and Work-life Balance. The research will analyse the impact of gender inequality on employee satisfaction and work-life balance. The two dependent variables are selected on the basis of their importance in measuring employee well-being. The measurement of the independent and dependent variables has been made possible by analysing the data collected throughRead MoreContribution Of An Ethnographic Research On Friendship1100 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach to research on friendship. I will be looking at, and including evidence to support both sides of the argument as to whether or not this research method is in fact useful when it comes to gaining knowledge about friendship. As well as evaluating this method, I will compare it against others to reflect on the strengths, weaknesses and the typical data collected. I will look at some of the questions about friendship that have been addressed, and then whether this is the best method or if there

Artist Exploring Socially Sensitive Subjects Sex

Over the years many artist have viewed sensitive subjects within their work. Sex is one of the sensitive subjects that has been viewed in a positive and negative way. Before and during the 19th century, most paintings, sculptures, and art pieces focused on the features of a humans body. During this time, most artist believed that showing these features of a human could show the role a woman and man had in life. Sculptures in early times focused on the body of a man and showed distinctive features from head to toe. Most sculptures were representations of Greek Gods, which showed their strength and power throughout their body. Showing the sexual side of men in art, lead to showing the sexual features of a woman. The sexual features of a†¦show more content†¦In this painting is shows a nude woman covering her private areas (p69) . As a viewer of the painting, I believe the woman is more focus on showing her confidence in herself rather than worrying about her nudity being th e topic of the painting. In comparison to the Venus of Urbino, the Venus of Willendorf which is Figure 7.3, is a small sculpture that displays realistic features of a womans body. The sculpture presented features such as breasts, legs, pubic areas, and toes. The Venus of Willendorf also represented the stability in fertility and good fortune in the life of a woman. The Venus of Willendorf lacked the actual appearance of a women, it had distinctive dimensions of a woman. Its obvious that these are two different pieces of art, but these pieces of art informs a viewer of how the sexual appearance of a woman contributed to this era. Over time artists incorporated the sexual appearance of both man and woman into their artwork. Some artist would show men and woman as a primordial couple. The first primordial couple that is shown in the textbook is Adam and Eve (Figure 7.11). The focus of the painting wasnt entirely based on the multiplying of Adam and Eve, but the representation of th e couple were seen in a nude manner. The man in the painting who represented himself as Adam, covered his eyes, but showed the reproduction genitals of his body. The female representation of Eve, was shown by a woman who covered her reproductive areas, but walkedShow MoreRelatedSMSC12647 Words   |  51 PagesSpiritual Development 4 3 Moral Development 8 4 Social Development 12 5 Cultural Development 15 6 SMSC across the curriculum 19 7 Assessing SMSC in the primary school 27 8 Citizenship in secondary schools 34 9 The Christian ethos of the school and sex and relationships education 38 10 Resources and websites 39 1 Introduction Since the 1988 Education reform Act schools have had a statutory duty to ‘promote the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the schoolRead MoreRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 Pagesnarratives produced by White filmmakers such as comedies, dramas, and musicals? Furthermore, were race films merely exploiting issues pertaining to skin color and class status? In this chapter I examine why the term â€Å"race film† is obscure while exploring the criteria often used to label a film within a particular category or genre. In his book Black Film as Genre, Thomas Cripps illustrates how difficult it is to provide an acceptable definition of Black cinema. Cripps posits a notion of â€Å"BlackRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pageshowever, it is probably safe to say that the most influential set designer of the 1930s was William Cameron Menzies. William Cameron Menzies was the supervising art director of United Artists during the 1920s and 1930s. United Artists was an unusual studio because it was founded by artists in reaction to the studio system. Menzies did his most important set design during the silent era. Some excellent examples of his work during this period are: Rosita (1923), The ThiefRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesO V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into four chapters, the dissertation blends the kin theories of Psychoanalytic and Mythological criticism and applies it to the novel. The Introduction sets the ground for the analysis by exploring the scope of the novel in the comparative study of literature. It also asserts the author’s place in the regional and Indian English canons of literature and establishes his creative genius with reference to the work considered. The second chapterRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pagesstudents’ cognitive development? How might knowledge of students’ cognitive development influence the way you teach? †¢ How does language develop? What is the best way to teach students to communicate verbally? PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Exploring How Children Develop Language Development Developmental Why Studying Issues Children’s Development Processes, Is Important Periods, and Stages Physical Development and Health Growth in Childhood Pubertal Changes Child Health and Education 32Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesInstructor’s Manual Exploring Strategy Ninth edition Gerry Johnson Richard Whittington Kevan Scholes Steve Pyle For further instructor material please visit: www.pearsoned.co.uk/mystrategylab ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated CompaniesRead MoreEriksons Psychosocial Development Theory10839 Words   |  44 Pagesyou naturally relate to Freuds ideas fine, otherwise leave them to one side. Part of Eriksons appeal is that he built on Freuds ideas in a socially meaningful and accessible way - and in a way that did not wholly rely on adherence to fundamental Freudian thinking. Some of Freuds theories by their nature tend attract a lot of attention and criticism - sex, breasts, genitals, and bodily functions generally do - and if you are distracted or put off by these references then ignore them, because theyRead MoreImpact of Media on Socio-Cultural Values and Social Institution in Indian Society10316 Words   |  42 Pagestakes a lot of time. †¢Access Information: The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The ‘search engines’ on the Internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need. †¢Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leaveRead MorePractical Guide to Market Research62092 Words   |  249 Pagesthis work in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 This book is published by Grosvenor House Publishing Ltd 28–30 High Street, Guildford, Surrey, GU1 3HY. www.grosvenorhousepublishing.co.uk This book is sold subject to the conditions that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the author’s or publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and withoutRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagessocial forces, his theory of charisma and routinization is yet another argument for the role of ideas as effective instruments of social change.4 Charisma and Rationalization Although Webers work has no speciï ¬ c or systematic treatment of the subject of social change, there is an implicit theory of social change in his treatment of rationalization and charisma. Rationalization, or rationality, is the master concept that runs as a unifying theme through all of Webers work. As Talcott Parsons

Descartes’ Special Causal Principles Essay Example For Students

Descartes’ Special Causal Principles Essay Descartes’ Special Causal Principle      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to uncover certain truths about existence.   In his Third Meditation, he establishes his special causal principle (SCP).   Descartes uses this principle to explore the origin of ideas, and to prove the existence of God.   I agree that there is much logic to be found in the SCP, but I disagree with Descartes method of proving Gods existence, and in this essay I will explain why.   I will begin by explaining the SCP, and will then demonstrate how Descartes applies this principle to prove that God exists.    I will then present my critique of the SCP, and expose the flaws in both of Descartes proofs with regards to the principle.   A conclusion will then follow.    In Descartes Second Meditation, he established that because he is a thinking being, he exists.   In the Third Meditation, Descartes attempts to build upon this foundation by questioning whether or not anything exists outside of him.   In order to do so, he must distinguish between those of his thoughts that come from outside, and those which only seem to.   The method Descartes uses for this differentiation is the special causal principle (SCP).    At its core, the SCP is a basic cause and effect argument.   Descartes begins his rationale for the SCP as follows:    Now it is manifest by the natural light that there must be at least as much reality in the efficient and total cause as in the effect of that cause.1    There are two major outcomes of this logic.   Firstly, that something cannot come from nothing, and secondly that what contains more reality (or is more perfect) cannot come from something that contains less reality (or is less perfect).   To illustrate this argu. . clusion, there is undeniable logic in the SCP.   Once the SCP is explained to be founded on the ability to recognize self-evident truths, it becomes a reliable principle through which to explore the existence of God.   But the SCP becomes unclear and less distinct when dealing with metaphysical objects such as ideas.   By extending the SCP to ideas, Descartes ventures too far away from his notions of clarity and distinctness.   Had Descartes chosen not to limit himself to his own thoughts as the sole vehicles for exploring whether or not God exists, he would likely have met with much more success.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: Cottingham, John ed.    Meditations on First Philosophy.   Cambridge University Press.   Great Britain; 1997    Notes 1 Paragraph 41 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Paragraph 43 5 Paragraph 45 6 Paragraph 42 7 Paragraph 51

The Moose and the Sparrow

The Moose and the Sparrow is like a mini-murder-mystery. It throws the reader right into the middle of a logging camp experience, with all sorts of special vocabulary that only lumbermen (and they are all men!) would know. It is also a tale of the effects of bullying on a bully, his victim, and those around them. The bully, Maddon, is described as a failed student, and filled with anger. Mr. Anderson, the narrator, tries to explain his behavior to the Sparrow by telling him that; men like Moose â€Å"are so twisted inside that they want to take it out on the world. Advertising We will write a custom article sample on The Moose and the Sparrow specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They feel that most other men have had better breaks than they’ve had, and it rankles inside them. They try to get rid of this feeling by working it out on somebody who’s even weaker than they are. Once they pick on you there’s no way of stopping them short of getting out of their way or beating it out of their hide.† We hear all around us now that bullies are often people who have been bullied themselves. Some of them have been mistreated at home, perhaps even to the point where it could be called child abuse. They have pain, and have no strategies to deal with it, or get rid of it. Hurting others can be a distraction from this pain. To see this in action, watch a kid come home from a day of being bullied at school and beat up on or yell at a younger, vulnerable sibling! Moose may indeed feel jealous of Sparrow’s academic achievements and promise for his future, as Mr. Anderson suggests, and he may feel stupid, unloved, ungainly, or any of many other negative adjectives. Although anyone can be a bully, the ones we think of are the kids who are big and maybe were held back because of poor academic performance, and who are probably embarrassed about being the oldest kids in the class. Sparrow does not start out being characterized as violent or unbalanced. In fact, he is remarkably tolerant of the mistreatment, perhaps too tolerant! However, he is so outbalanced in strength and experience by Moose that his options are severely limited. Sparrow, once he is seriously injured by the burning saw trick, really believes that his physical survival is at risk. He may be right. Moose, after all, has shown himself to not be the brightest bulb. Moose’s effort to dunk Sparrow could have ended in tragedy if Sparrow had not been able to swim, or gotten caught under the water. There are all sorts of examples of deaths by hazing in the military, the fraternities, and even some sports teams. These activities are merely organized bullying. When young people and alcohol are involved, good sense is often absent, and the danger of a fatal accident is significant. Sparrow, in the face of what he believes to be the threat of maiming or death, is eventually pushed to engage in violence himself, or so we are asked to infer. This pattern is reminiscent of some of the student school shootings of the last decade. The news stories about some of these tragedies suggest that the kids definitely felt that they were mistreated. Perhaps the bullying was only verbal; the news stories always seem to mention the internet. However, the revenge that the bullied person takes on their persecutors is much, much more violent and final. So what happens to Moose? Sparrow responds to the roughing up by causing his death, although it is significant that he finds a way to let Moose actually kill himself by lunging across the bridge after Sparrow. Advertising Looking for article on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, by the way, seems to be the first time Sparrow actually insults Moose, and the reader does not know what was said. What does this murder or manslaughter do to Sparrow over the long run? We see him viewing the airlift of Moose’s corpse with no outward emotion. This suggests that he is scarred emotionally himself , and cannot express his feelings appropriately. How could he not be scarred? He will carry the knowledge that he killed someone the rest of his life. In the traditions of the First Nations, when someone kills another, even if it was justified by it happening during a battle, or in self-defense, they feel the need to perform rituals to avoid spiritual damage and restore the balance of creation. How will Sparrow relate to others in the future? How can he ever have a sincere relationship with someone? He will have to lie, by omission, for the rest of his days. Mr. Anderson, a witness to bullying, is affected for the rest of his life. He is reminded constantly of the violence he witnessed, and the retaliation at which he has guessed. He will always wonder whether he could have prevented it, or whether he should have reported his suspicions. This holds a lesson for us in school. When any of us sees bullying, we should not keep silence. There is too much danger that someone will be hurt, permanently. If we talk to an adult, and get help, we may be able to prevent something awful happening. What this story tells us is that bullying has impact on the doer, the victim, and those around them. None of the impact is good. This article on The Moose and the Sparrow was written and submitted by user Spider-Ham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Standards of Beauty Essays

Standards of Beauty Essays Standards of Beauty Essay Standards of Beauty Essay Standards of beauty: Beauty is defined as the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc. ), according to dictionary. com. Beauty has multiple interpretations in various cultures, especially in Western society, whose standards differ from the rest. In Western society, both men and women undergo cosmetic procedures to alter their physical appearance and enhance self-esteem. The most common cosmetic produces for women include Botox injections, liposuctions, rhinoplasty, facelifts, and breast ugmentations; whereas, men mostly get facelifts, Botox and liposuction. Women get breast augmentations to feel attractive about themselves, but most importantly to gain attention form men. In some cases, men view women with larger breast sizes as sexually appealing compared to women with smaller breast sizes. These standards of beauty potentially influence an increase of such procedures. It is worth noting that a womans decision to get breast augmentation may originate from another woman she idolizes. For example, a celebrity or mentor could be a source of influence seeing as though a woman may want to emulate specific attractive features. This also applies to other procedures as well and not solely with breast augmentation. In reference to weight, it is acceptable for men to be robust. This standard also applies to women: however, a woman who is too robust is considered masculine and unattractive. Similarly, a man and/or woman who is overweight are deemed unappealing in western society, on the grounds that bigger is unflattering and being skinny is beautiful. Thus, thrive to be a size 6 or below to accommodate these regulation. Generally, a woman who wears less clothing or exposes too much skin is considered enticing. This standard is more common because this invites nwanted and often times wanted attention, which explains sex as being marketable. The more tempting a woman appears, the more she is desired. Conversely, a man who wears more clothing is valued as good-looking. In conclusion, beauty has multiple interpretations in various cultures, especially in Western society, whose standards differ. These standards include: cosmetic produces, such as facelifts, Botox and liposuction and breast augmentation, to alter ones physical appearance and enhance self-esteem, general physique preferences, and wearing less clothing to appeal to desirable for men. Standards of Beauty By AmBizzle12

Geography of River Deltas - Formation and Importance

Geography of River Deltas - Formation and Importance A river delta is a low-lying plain or landform that occurs at the mouth of a river near where it flows into an ocean or another larger body of water. Deltas greatest importance to human activities, fish and wildlife lay in their characteristic highly fertile soil and dense, diverse vegetation. In order to fully appreciate the role deltas play in our larger ecosystem, it is first important to understand rivers. Rivers are defined as bodies of fresh water generally flowing from high elevations toward an ocean, a lake or another river; sometimes, even back into the ground. Most rivers begin at high elevations where snow, rain, and other precipitation run downhill into creeks and small streams. These small waterways flow ever farther downhill, eventually meeting to form rivers. Rivers flow toward oceans or other larger bodies of water, oftentimes combining with other rivers. Deltas exist as the lowest part of these rivers. It is in these deltas where a rivers flow slows and spreads out to create sediment-rich dry areas and biodiverse wetlands. Formation of River Deltas The formation of a river delta is a slow process. As rivers flow toward their outlets from higher elevations, they deposit mud, silt, sand, and gravel particles at the mouths where rivers and larger, more sedentary bodies of water meet. Over time these particles (called sediment or alluvium) build up at the mouth, extending into the ocean or lake. As these areas continue to grow the water becomes shallower and eventually, landforms begin to rise above the surface of the water, typically elevating to just above sea level. As rivers drop enough sediment to create these landforms or areas of raised elevation, the remaining flowing water with the most power sometimes cuts across the land, forming different branches called distributaries. Once formed, deltas are typically made up of three parts: the upper delta plain, the lower delta plain, and the subaqueous delta. The upper delta plain makes up the area nearest to land. It is usually the area with the least water and highest elevation. The lower delta plain is the middle of the delta. It is a transition zone between the dry upper delta and the wet subaqueous delta. The subaqueous delta is the portion of the delta closest to the sea or body of water into which the river flows. This area is usually past the shoreline and it is below water level. Types of River Deltas Despite the generally universal processes by which river deltas are formed and organized, it is important to note that the worlds deltas vary dramatically in structure, composition, and size due to factors such as origin, climate, geology, and tidal processes. These external factors contribute to an impressive diversity of deltas around the world. A deltas characteristics are classified based upon the specific factors contributing to its rivers deposition of sediment typically the river itself, waves or tides. The main types of deltas are wave-dominated deltas, tide-dominated deltas, Gilbert deltas, inland deltas, and estuaries. As its name would imply, a wave-dominated delta such as the Mississippi River Delta is created by wave erosion controlling where and how much river sediment remains in a delta once it has been dropped. These deltas are usually shaped like the Greek symbol, delta (∆). Tide-dominated deltas such as the Ganges River Delta are formed by tides. Such deltas are characterized by a dendritic structure (branched, like a tree) due to newly-formed distributaries during times of high water. Gilbert deltas are steeper and formed by deposition of coarse material. While it is possible for them to form in ocean areas, their formations are more commonly seen in mountainous areas where mountain rivers deposit sediment into lakes. Inland deltas are deltas formed in inland areas or valleys where rivers may divide into many branches and rejoin farther downstream. Inland deltas, also called inverted river deltas, normally form on former lake beds. Finally, when a river is located near coasts characterized by large tidal variations, they do not always form a traditional delta. Tidal variation often results in estuaries  or a river that meets the sea, such as Saint Lawrence River in Ontario, Quebec, and New York. Humans and River Deltas River deltas have been important to humans for thousands of years because of their extremely fertile soils. Major ancient civilizations grew along deltas such as those of the Nile and the Tigris-Euphrates rivers, with the inhabitants of these civilizations learning how to live with their natural flooding cycles. Many people believe that the ancient Greek historian Herodotus first coined the term delta nearly 2,500 years ago as many deltas are shaped like the Greek delta (∆) symbol. Deltas remain important to humans even today as, among many other things, a source of sand and gravel. Used in highway, building and infrastructure construction, these highly valuable materials quite literally build our world. Delta land is also important in agricultural use. Witness the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. One of the most agriculturally diverse and productive areas in the state, the region successfully supports numerous crops from kiwi to alfalfa to tangerines. Biodiversity and Importance of River Deltas In addition to (or perhaps in defiance of) these human uses, river deltas boast some of the most biodiverse systems on the planet. As such, it is essential that these unique and beautiful havens of biodiversity remain as healthy habitat for the many species of plants, animals, insects, and fish some rare, threatened or endangered which call them home. In addition to their biodiversity, deltas and wetlands provide a buffer for hurricanes, as open land often stands to weaken the impact of storms as they travel toward larger, more populated areas. The Mississippi River Delta, for example, buffers the impact of potentially strong hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico.

Enterprise Applications and Technology Coursework

Enterprise Applications and Technology - Coursework Example The end-user involvement reduces resistance to the implementation of the program. The users of such systems, for instance, nurses and pharmacists will tend to resist the implementation of the information system in case it serves other purposes different from quality enhancement. With their due involvement, there is ease of implementation of such programs. Moreover, when going through the transition method, the user learn how to use the information system and its real essence of application. Through such experiences, the end user can adapt well and quickly to the newly implemented information system in the healthcare set up (Rahimi, Vimarlund & Timpka, 2009). The end-users can be involved in the implantation of the healthcare management information system through the gradual introduction of the end-user to the information system during the transition. The end users are taught on the how to utilize fully the new system and are allowed to raise any concern related to the system (Rahimi, Vimarlund & Timpka,

The Difference between Macro and Micro Economics & Price Elasticity of Essay

The Difference between Macro and Micro Economics & Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay Example Microeconomics focuses on the demand and supply of a single product. It studies the behaviour of a particular institute in the market, helping in the management of that institute. It helps in answering various questions such as what type of a product is to be produced; how much of that product is to be produced to meet the market demands; how is it going to be produced; what raw materials are going to be used; what type of fuel would be used; for whom the good is to be produced; and many other such questions are answered via microeconomics. So all the choices a particular person makes comes under microeconomics because he is just concerned with what he is producing rather than the total production of a particular good in an economy. Macroeconomic issues are related to the balance between aggregate supply and aggregate demand. If the aggregate demand gets much higher than aggregate supply, inflation and balance of payment deficit (exports become greater than imports) can take place. O n the other hand, if the aggregate demand gets lower than aggregate supply, recession and unemployment may occur. So it is crucial to maintain the balance between aggregate supply and aggregate demand and macroeconomics helps in doing so. ... Task 2: The Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) measures how much the quantity demanded of a commodity responds to a change in price of that commodity. Price Elasticity of Demand can be calculated by using the following formula: Price elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price For example, if there is a 40% rise in oil price and the demand for oil decrease by 10% then Price Elasticity of Demand will be -10% / 40% = -0.25. The value of PED is always negative, because demand graphs are mostly downward slopping, meaning that price and demand always go opposite. An increase in price will result in a decrease in demand and vice versa. Thus there will always be a negative figure which would make the sign negative. If the quantity demanded responds substantially to the changes in price, the demand for that good is said to be elastic. On the other hand, if the quantity demanded responds slightly to changes in prices, the demand for that good is sa id to be inelastic. PED helps us in determining whether a good has elastic or inelastic demand. Ignoring the negative sign, if PED is greater than 1 then the demand will be elastic and if PED is less than 1 then the demand will be inelastic. Consider the example of oil. A rise in the price of oil may result in a slight decrease in the demand of oil. The vehicles will continue to use oil, so people would have to pay higher prices. The slight decrease in demand may occur because some people might shift to bicycling. In this case the demand for oil is inelastic. Goods which are classified as necessities have inelastic demand. A patient would have to buy a life saving drug how much expensive it might be

Mobile Computing and Social Networking Essay Example for Free

Mobile Computing and Social Networking Essay 1Introduction Tiny, portable gadgets, such as pocket digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones have been in the recent years pushed on the mark. Mobile or ubiquitous computing and handy gadgets are changing the relations between computers and humans.there is an introduction of a new communication approach based on context. This approach enables people to interact with computers, objects and environments seamlessly. Mobile computing devices have enabled composite cooperation and communication patterns that were not dreamt of in the past years. They possess vital features in portability, ability to share information using communication networks; wireless, and synchronizing the information with other standardized gadgets. There have drastic changes in the technological landscape in the past years led by the emergence of mobile computing devices focusing on consumer preferences. The rapid increase in use of mobile computing gadgets is nowadays noticeable in the medical or healthcare industry. The healthcare industry has never been a frontrunner in terms of Information Technology and computing in relation to caring for patients and clinical trials. Health care providers are adopting new and innovative ways using mobile computing platforms to support patient care. Thus through a constant drive to find a new method of improving the quality of patients’ lives, the health care industry has benefited. This has seen the enormous growth of wearable portable systems, monitoring the patient’s conditions for vital signs. This paper focuses in assessing the concept of monitoring patients using mobile computing gadgets transmitting using wireless technology. It also assesses the use of social networks to group support for patients with similar medical conditions. 2Monitoring patients using wearable, mobile gadgets 2.1concepts Mobile health monitoring systems have come handy in helping people to engage closely in their own health care. This technology involves the integration of a biosensor which monitors vital signs (such as heart rate, BP, temperature and other health-related information), environmental sensors, and a location sensor into a wearable wireless network. This allows an enduring, unobtrusive monitoring with immediate feedback to the patient or physician about the current status and a real time update of the user’s health data. The data makes up the EPR (electronic patient record), which allows the health status data of the patient to be accessed using many devices and heterogeneous networks. Mobile computing application in medicine allows access to EPR for consolidated information on patients from any location within the network. This advancement has brought about many benefits to the medical industry. However, it does not make a substitute for the direct eye to eye meeting between patient and the doctor due to the various setbacks it suffers. 2.2Advantages of using mobile computing to monitor patients Monitoring patients using wearable, mobile devices has a lot of merits as compared to the traditional inpatient visit by the patient. These include: 2.2.1Patient participation in their own health care This technology allows the healthcare providers to be close and interact more with patients. This grows the sense of ownership amongst patients and their relatives as they tend to take in more information and interact with it. This interaction provides the clinician an improved access to information thus leading to a better diagnosis. The resultant is a sense of ownership in the patients leading to high rates of diagnosis acceptance and following of post-diagnosis orders. 2.2.2Easier and quicker visibility of the patient’s condition The physician does not have to wait for laboratory results to be sent or telemetry to be done. The mobile computing devices allows for real time viewing of information. 2.2.3Increase in efficiency of healthcare The provider does not have to move from machine to machine, one room to the other seeking the patient’s data. Updated data can be accessed from the electronic patient records in real time by the wearable monitoring devices. This leads to swift and accurate decision making concerning patients issues since it relies on accurate data. 2.2.4Cost The development of these mobile devices can be realized within modest charges compared to specialty systems. The maintenance of these small but essential devices is also low compared to the specialty systems. This pulls down the cost of running mobile-computing monitoring devices. 2.3Disadvantages of using mobile computing to monitor patients Monitoring patients using mobile computing powered devices also suffer some setbacks. 2.3.1Health hazard The issue of radiations still is unclear posing uncertainties on its application. The health care industry players have not agreed on the standards of these devices. 2.3.2Technical stress Its application may bring more technical emphasis which can result in a stress issue to patients and medics (Brahnam Jain, 2010). The patients’ data has to be stored securely. This is often a challenge because the users of these devices may be unequipped with the necessary level of expertise; to perform the encryption tasks. However, security is a point of concern in the application of these gadgets. An effective protocol or security measure should be used to ensure heavy security to the data accessed through them. This entails an implementation of strong access protocols at both the gadget and the network levels. Appropriate encryption measures should also be implemented to safeguard against unauthorized access of the information stored in the device, in case it lands in the wrong hands due to theft. However, these devices should be designed only to allow viewing of sensitive data locally on the mobile computing device rather than storing it. 2.4Use of social network to group support for patients Online health social networking sites give patients the privilege to obtain and disclose information on some health condition without disclosing their identities (Turban Volonino, 2011). Support groups help patients to cope with the various conditions by providing social support and network of information to its members. Patients educate each other on the conditions and treatments using the social network. This often impacts the old doctor-patient relationship, and could develop a foundation for a market driven system where clients can make choices. Health oriented social networks are extremely beneficial to patients they provide an instrumental support by providing stress relieving services, financial assistance, advice and willingness to help. It offers nurturing support aiming at comforting stressed patients without necessarily solving the problems leading to the stress by making the patient feel cared. 3Conclusion The application of technology in the health industry has come a long way. Its adoption in the monitoring of patients has been extremely beneficial to both patients and doctors. However, there still concerns over the security of the many sensitive data passed on from one point to the other by these mobile devices. Improved security measures should be enacted, to ensure that the patient’s data is safe from external access since it may incriminate the privacy right of the patient. Health care oriented social network has been much of a platform where patients share their experiences. The healthcare providers get to acquaint themselves of the patients’ experiences and also market their services by engaging directly with the patients. * 4.0References Brahnam, S., Jain, L. C. (2010). Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 5: Intelligent Decision Support Systems. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Shahriyar, R., Bari, F., Kundu, G., Ahamed, S., Akbar, M.(2009). Intelligent Mobile Health Monitoring System (IMHMS). In P.kostkova (Eds..), Electronic Healthcare: Second International ICST Conference, EHealth 2009 Istanbul, Turkey, September 2009 Revised Selected Papers (pp. 5-12). Berlin, Germany: Springer. Tan, J., (2005). EHealth Care Information Systems: An Introduction for Students and Professionals. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Turban, E., Volonino, L. (2011). Information Technology for management: Improving strategic and operational performance (8th ed.). Hoboken NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Mother Doesnt Know Best Essays -- Personal Narrative Profile Essays

Mother Doesn't Know Best As a little girl, I was sure that a good parent would allow me to eat all the cookies in the cookie jar or buy me toys at Toys R Us. When I got a little older, I figured that a good parent would let me stay up past ten o'clock on school nights. Then I became a teenager and I felt that a good parent would buy me a car and let me be independent. According to these definitions of a "good parent," my parents always fell short. It wasn't until I became a parent that I began to understand what a good parent really is. My two-year old daughter taught me this lesson in her simple childlike manner. Having church at eleven o'clock is difficult for our family. Church time is play time, followed by lunch, and ending with naps. Needless to say, we always struggle during that first hour before we can deposit both Jenny Beth and Juliana into the nursery for the remaining two hours. I admit, it's crazy to expect a one-year-old and a two-year-old to sit quietly through an hour of inspirational talks that they consider boring. Nevertheless, we attend church as a family. This particular Sunday was no different. "Mommy, look! Taylor! Taylor!" Jenny Beth said excitedly to me during the church service. She wasn't using her whispering church voice as we had rehearsed on several occasions. Needless to say, I was a bit exasperated and embarrassed. Besides, I knew that Scott and Joy Rowe, Taylor's parents, were sitting a few rows over. I had seen them enter and sit down. Their one-year-old daughter, Taylor, was in Scott's arms. I had even discreetly waved to them. Hastily, I rummaged through the diaper bag and retrieved two tattered and torn books that were well-loved and well-gnawed by my two daughters. These were... ...t only believes in her children but believes them as well. A good parent can admit when she's wrong and acknowledge when her children are right. A good parent says, "I'm sorry." After church was over, I went to Jenny, my smart two-year old, and hugged her. I told her that I was sorry and asked for her forgiveness. She hugged me back and kissed my lips. She had completely forgotten what she was mad about only moments earlier. Accustomed to being told to say "Sorry," she misunderstood my apology and said, "Horry(sorry), Mommy." My eyes filled with tears. She was so merciful. "Let's go nursery, Mommy!" she said with anticipation. I felt like a good parent again. I was still the mother that day; however, I played another role, as well. I was a student in my daughter's classroom. She taught me a valuable lesson about parenthood. Mother does not always know best.

Kimberly Clark Proctor Gamble Diaper Wars Essay

Competition in the diaper industry raged on as Kimberly-Clark (KC) strived to stay ahead of its main competitor, Proctor and Gamble (P&G). By the end of 1989, KC’s Huggies controlled 32% of the market share—the highest of any single product competing in the diaper market. Now facing significant financial constraints, the leader in personal care products endeavored to create product improvements that would hold market share and outperform Proctor and Gamble’s Pampers. External Analysis One political force affecting KC and the diaper industry is Congress and eleven states introducing legislation taxing, regulating or banning the sale of disposable diapers. Because disposable diapers were not biodegradable, environmentalists were concerned about millions of diapers saturating landfills and possibly contaminating groundwater. Environmentalists lobbied for diapers to be taxed or banned to prevent further environmental degradation. If laws were passed taxing or banning disposable diapers, consumers would stop buying Huggies and resort back to cloth. Possible legal restrictions severely threatened the future of the disposable diaper. A second political factor affecting Kimberly-Clark and the diaper industry is ease of entry to European and Japanese markets. Neither Japan nor European countries imposed political sanctions and foreign regulations preventing KC from entering their markets. A final example of political/legal forces affecting the diaper industry and KC is P&G unlawfully monopolizing the diaper market and violating anti-trust laws. In 1989, Pampers (Proctor and Gamble’s premium diaper line) and Luv’s (Proctor and Gamble’s mid-price diapers) together controlled 49% of the diaper market. P&G’s violation of anti-trust laws could prevent KC from having an equal opportunity to gain market share and every percentage of market share lost would cost KC $6-10 million in profit. Because diapers accounted for 37% of Kimberly-Clark’s net income, P&G’s monopolization could significantly impact KC’s future. An economic factor affecting Kimberly-Clark and the diaper industry is the increase in disposable income by women working outside their homes. The increase in disposable income allows KC and its competitors to successfully sell disposable diapers at premium prices. There are several social/cultural forces affecting KC and the diaper industry, as previously mentioned, there was an increase in consumer activism. Environmentalists and environmentally concerned customers expressed concerns over disposable diapers’ potential health risks for sanitation workers and groundwater pollutants. Also, disposable diapers received harsh criticism for not being biodegradable. Landfills contained approximately 4-5.5 billion pounds of discarded diapers—nearly five percent of total volume. Environmentalists were determined to stop further pollution, which seemed inevitably detrimental to KC and other diaper manufacturers. Another social/cultural force was an aging population. Fortunately for KC, there is a positive relationship between the number of elderly persons and the need for incontinence products. According to statisticians, 31 million North Americans were over age 65 and 10% had incontinence issues. Because Kimberly-Clark has extensive knowledge in producing diapers, feminine products, toilet paper and other paper products, they could easily create diapers for adults. A third social/cultural force is the extended amount of time children spent in diapers. The diaper extension led KC to introduce Pull-Ups, which targeted toddlers being potty-trained. Other social/cultural forces include a decrease in family size and more mothers working outside the home (mentioned above). A technological force affecting Kimberly-Clark and the diaper industry was the introduction of super-thin technology. Super-thin technology was created by using polyacrylate, a powder crystal that absorbs 50 times its weight in liquid. The introduction of super-thin technology created more shelf space for Huggies and reduced shipping costs (more diapers fit in a truck). A second technological factor is industry spending on R&D. P&G and KC spent approximately $110 million annually on Research and Development. As previously mentioned, every percent of market share gained equals $6-10 million in profit. Kimberly-Clark and its competitors worked to create breakthrough inventions that would steal customers away from Proctor and Gamble. A third technological force affecting KC and the diaper industry is patent protection. Due to heightened competiveness in the industry, P&G and KC took strenuous efforts to protect their technology from competitors. KC and P&G were extremely suspicious of one another and frequently sued over use of proprietary technologies (gains from lawsuits were negligible). Some of the political/legal, economic, social/cultural and technological forces are similar in other parts of the world. For example, a social/cultural force in Japan and Western European countries is the changing role of women. Like North America, the number of Japanese and Western European women working outside the home increased. Unlike Western and Japanese women, Southern Europe had few mothers working outside the home. A social/cultural trend in Japan that is frequent diaper changes. Japanese parents change their children twice as often as North Americans. Also, Japanese avoided the use of non-biodegradable plastics. Forces that drive industry competition are threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of buyers and bargaining power of suppliers. The most important forces are rivalry among existing firms and threat of new entrants. The five forces are discussed separately below. Some factors that affect the threat of new entrants are product differentiation, capital requirements, access to distribution channels and economies of scale. Kimberly-Clark sought to differentiate itself from competitors through extensive advertising. It used coupons, commercials and product placement to convince customers that Huggies are the best diapers. It used product placement by showing customers that even baby Elizabeth in â€Å"Baby Boom† wears Huggies diapers. Successful advertising campaigns created a high barrier of entry to new firms hoping to enter the market. Another factor that prevented new competition from entering the market is high capital requirement. The machines used to produce diapers cost between $2-4 million and were several feet long. New firms that lacked capital to purchase machines would automatically be barred from competition. Access to distribution channels also affected the threat of new entrants. Retailers created their own mid-priced/lower market diapers and were often reluctant to give shelf space to competing firms (in the mid/low price segment). Retailers’ ability to earn profit margins on their own products outweighed revenue from firms purchasing shelf space. A final factor that prevented new entrants is economies of scale. Large companies, such as KC and P&G, created similar products and could take advantage of existing distribution channels, resources and facilities. Overall, threat of new entrants in favorable. Factors affecting rivalry among existing firms include the number of competitors, rate of industry growth, capacity, fixed costs, product or service characteristics and height of exit barriers. The number of firms competing in the diaper industry is relatively low. P&G and KC are the only firms competing in the premium diaper market and control 81% of market share. Other firms and retailers compete in the lower price segment; however, they target a different audience than premium diaper manufacturers. A second factor contributing to rivalry among existing firms is rate of industry growth. Because birthrate is declining, there is little market share to be gained. Therefore, market share cannot be gained unless taken away from competitors. Rivalry among competition is unfavorable. A third factor affecting rivalry is capacity. Kimberly-Clark and its competitors must operate their plants at full capacity to lower unit costs. They also have regional plants in multiple locations to reduce transportation costs. Another factor affecting rivalry is the amount of fixed costs. Diapers are expensive to produce, market and sell, as previously mentioned, machines cost between $2-4 million. Height of exit barriers also influences rivalry. Exit barriers are low. Throughout Huggies’s existence, many firms have entered and left the diaper market. For example, Johnson & Johnson, Borden, Scott and International Paper all unsuccessfully created diapers. Some factors that contribute to threat of substitute products or services are cloth diapers and two piece diaper systems. Increased environmental concerns led some customers to choose to dress their babies in cloth diapers as opposed to disposable. Initially, cloth diapers were seen as more environmentally friendly do to their reusable nature. Cloth diapers posed a serious threat to disposable diapers until KC and P&G convinced customers that cloth was more detrimental to the environment (laundering cloth diapers created ten times more water pollution). Another substitute for disposable diapers is the two-piece diapers created by Fischer-Price and Gerber. Threat of substitute products or services is somewhat unfavorable for firms in the diaper industry. Bargaining power of buyers was influenced by the buyers’ ability to integrate backwards, margins from diaper sales and brand-names. Many of the retailers that sold Kimberly-Clark’s diapers also created their own lines sold at lower prices. Another factor contributing to the bargaining power of buyers is the low profit-margins retailers made off diaper sales. Over one-third of KC’s revenue came from diaper sales. Brand loyalty decreased the bargaining power of buyers. Parents with young children may only shop at places that sell the kind of diapers their baby wears. If the retailer chooses not to sell diapers, it could lose business. Bargaining power of buyers is unfavorable for the diaper industry. Bargaining power of suppliers is affected by inability to integrate forward and technology. As previously mentioned, super-thin technology was achieved by using polyacrylate. Unfortunately for KC and P&G, only one firm, Cellanese, had a license to make polyacrylate in the United States. Substitutes for polyacrylate were not readily available, so Kimberly-Clark and its competitors were dependent upon a single firm for super-thin technology. Cellanese had significant supplier power over its buyers. It could control price increases and business deals. Although Cellanese could make polyacrylate, they did not have the ability to integrate forward. Cellanese was a chemical firm and diaper production was not one of its competencies. Inability for supplier to integrate forward is favorable for KC. The bargaining power of suppliers is unfavorable for firms in the diaper industry. When evaluating the external environment, it is important for firms to recognize opportunities and threats. Some opportunities are a large un-served mid-price market, changing demographics and priorities of North American women, Japanese markets, expansion into Southern Europe, aging population and new technology. Threats include Japanese companies consider global expansion, rising environmental concerns, saturated disposable diaper market and declining birthrate. Each opportunity and threat’s application to Kimberly-Clark is described below. Seventy-five percent of new mothers in the 1980 are working outside the home. Families began to value time over money and were more willing to pay premium prices for quality diapers. Also, the decrease in family size increased the amount of money that could be spent on diapers. This is an opportunity because it allowed KC to successfully sell Huggies at premium prices. A third opportunity for Kimberly-Clark is Japanese markets. Selling Huggies in Japanese markets is an opportunity because they had not reached the same level of maturity as North American markets. Also, as previously mentioned, Japanese babies use twice as many diapers than Americans. The Japanese market was comparable in size to the North American market. Expansion into Southern Europe is an opportunity for growth due to the low penetration levels and unsophisticated competitors. In 1989, there was no large European industry leader. KC has the potential to become the leading diaper distributer in Europe if they execut e successful marketing campaigns. An aging population is an opportunity for KC to increase its incontinence product sales. Sales for 1990 were estimated to exceed $1 billion due to the increase in people over age 65. In the future, the incontinence market is projected to become more profitable than diapers. A final opportunity for Kimberly-Clark is new technology. Utilizing and taking advantage of new technology is an opportunity because it allows KC to outperform P&G and regain market share. A threat that affects Kimberly-Clark is Japanese companies consider global expansion. Japanese expanding globally would hurt KC because Japanese diaper technology is years ahead of North American. Japanese companies, specifically KAO and Unicharm, create biodegradable diapers. Due to recent environmental concerns, KC would lose market share to Japanese companies if they penetrate the North American market. Rising environmental concerns are a threat to Kimberly-Clark because environmentalists feared potential health risks for sanitation workers and ground water contamination. They were lobbying to ban disposable diapers and pushing for consumers to use cloth diapers instead. Kimberly-Clark could lose customers to environmentally-friendly diapers if they do not create a biodegradable diaper. Another threat to KC is a saturated disposable diaper market. A saturated disposable diaper market is a threat to KC due to little growth in the diaper industry. The only market share to be gained must be taken away from competitors. A final threat to KC and the diaper industry is the declining birthrate. A declining birthrate and decrease in family size is positively related to a decrease in diaper sales.

Burger Case Study Essay

1. Rich Snyder was twenty-four years old when his father passed away and he assumed leadership of In-N-Out Burger. Was his young age an asset or a liability for leadership of the company? Explain you answer. Take a position Does age really matter in the first place? I think the age didn’t really matter. It’s the experience or knowledge that makes the difference. Rich was young when his father had him involved in the business, so by the time he passed Rich should’ve been able to lead the company. Age doesn’t matter if you have enough passion, drive and knowledge of what you are doing, that has much more to do with succeeding or not. 2. In an era of jalapeno poppers and extreme fajitas, how risky is In-N-Out’s long-term strategy of offering only four simple food items? Is the strategy still on track? I don’t think they are being risky with their long term strategy. In 2013 rumors were going around that an In-N-Out Burger was coming to Denver City, Colorado, by Sept. 2014 when there was still no sign of a store being opened, Councilman Albus Brooks got involved and contacted In-N-Out Burger, and they commented that it wasn’t going to happen. The whole city was upset. It made the news that they are going to Toronto, Canada in 2015, but just for a day. Problem Solving A would be entrepreneur walks into your bank and asks to receive financing for a business plan modeled after In-N-Out’s approach and extremely simple menu. But all the ingredients would come from local supplier and growers within a thirty-mile radius of town. Is this a winning recipe deserving of financing from your bank? Yes I would say it is. Their plan is not only profitable to the bank, and themselves, it will also bring in commerce for the local businesses. Further Research How would you illustrate this concept to consumers? Explain why you would  choose to include or exclude TV, print radio or online. Advertising based on your premise. How would you pitch this concept to In-N-Out’s marketing department in a way that would emphasize in n out’s core values? It is hard to find out much about the company so I don’t really know how much they budget for marketing, but it seems like they don’t have a big budget. I would find out how they are packaging their product. Maybe they could find an eco-friendly way to package it. I would emphasize less is more. People are over worked, and over stimulated, and don’t want to think too much. Making less choices makes it easy to order. I would pitch it as their values are integrity, honest and respect. By using eco-friendly packaging they are not only giving value to their customers but also protecting planet.

5 formas de obtener la ciudadanía americana

5 formas de obtener la ciudadanà ­a americana La ciudadanà ­a americana brinda, entre otros derechos, poder vivir y trabajar sin restricciones en los Estados Unidos y viajar con el pasaporte de ese paà ­s. Es muy comà ºn pensar que la nacionalidad estadounidense sà ³lo se obtiene si se nace en el paà ­s, pero eso es una idea equivocada. De hecho, son 5 los posibles caminos para obtener la ciudadanà ­a americana: nacimiento, sangre, naturalizacià ³n, derivacià ³n o adopcià ³n. A continuacià ³n, los requisitos para cada caso. Ciudadanos de EE.UU. por nacimiento en ese paà ­s La forma ms comà ºn de adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense es por jus soil que es por nacimiento en cualquiera de los 50 estados que componen los Estados Unidos de Amà ©rica o en alguno de sus territorios como, por ejemplo, Puerto Rico, Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas, Guam y las Islas Marianas del Norte. Casi todos  los nacidos en Estados Unidos son ciudadanos americanos. La excepcià ³n son los hijos de padres extranjeros que se encuentran temporalmente en EE.UU. trabajando como diplomticos para el gobierno de otro paà ­s. Ello se debe a que los diplomticos no estn sujetos a la jurisdiccià ³n de Estados Unidos.   La ciudadanà ­a americana para el resto de los nacidos en el paà ­s est protegida por la Enmienda 14 de la Constitucià ³n. No importa el estatus migratorio de los padres. Si un bebà © nace en Estados Unidos o en uno de sus territorios el nià ±o es estadounidense aunque uno o los dos padres sean indocumentados. En este punto cabe destacar que es importante obtener cuanto antes el certificado de nacimiento del nià ±o, el Nà ºmero del Seguro Social y, si es posible, el pasaporte estadounidense. Si un menor sale de EE.UU. sin pasaporte de este paà ­s podrà ­a tener ms tarde problemas para regresar como estadounidense si no es posible probar que la madre estaba en EE.UU. en la fecha de nacimiento o si se le cambian los apellidos o el nombre al nà ±o y no coinciden exactamente con los de su certificado de nacimiento americano. Tambià ©n se estn dando problemas en el caso de menores estadounidenses hijos de indocumentados que salen de EE.UU. ellos solos y con pasaporte americano y à ©ste expira estando en otro paà ­s. En este caso podrà ­a haber problemas para renovarlo porque los padres indocumentados siguen en EE.UU. y no pueden presentarse con el nià ±o al consulado o a la embajada para pedir su renovacià ³n. La consecuencia de este problema es que el nià ±o podrà ­a no obtener su pasaporte para regresar a EE.UU. Finalmente, una aclaracià ³n a las personas de otros paà ­ses que pueden considerar venir a Estados Unidos a dar a luz para asà ­ asegurarse el pasaporte estadounidense para el recià ©n nacido. Es una prctica que sà ­ se realiza, pero conviene saber que el oficial migratorio puede impedir el ingreso a mujeres embarazadas extranjeras si no pueden probar que tienen cà ³mo pagar por un parto. Adems, deben conocerse los  riesgos de tener un hijo en Estados Unidos con visa de turista y resaltar que los menores estadounidenses no cambian la situacià ³n migratoria de sus padres. Para que un hijo pueda pedir a sus padres es necesario que tenga 21 aà ±os de edad y, adems, se cumplan otros requisitos. Ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n La naturalizacià ³n es un trmite por el que un extranjero que es residente permanente legal  solicita voluntariamente la ciudadanà ­a americana.   La mayorà ­a de las naturalizaciones tienen lugar cuando un residente permanente legal solicita la ciudadanà ­a cinco aà ±os despuà ©s de haber conseguido la green card  o de tres aà ±os si estn casados con un estadounidense. Adems, hay casos especiales de naturalizacià ³n: Ciudadanà ­a americana por los abuelosCiudadanà ­a para militaresAlgunos casos de adopcià ³n Se estima que en la actualidad aproximadamente ocho millones de residentes permanentes legales cumplen los requisitos para solicitar la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Muchos no lo hacen porque le tienen miedo al examen de conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos y, muy especialmente, al de inglà ©s. Sin embargo hay que tener en cuenta que existen excepciones y casos en los que  no hay que rendir el examen de inglà ©s durante la naturalizacià ³n. Adems, en todo el paà ­s estn presentes organizaciones que dan clases gratis para preparar el examen de ciudadanà ­a. Los ciudadanos naturalizados adquieren, bsicamente, los mismos derechos que los ciudadanos por nacimiento. Sin embargo, no pueden aspirar a ser presidentes del paà ­s, un privilegio reservado a lo que se denomina natural born citizens. Por à ºltimo, despejar dos dudas muy comunes. En primer lugar,  que en contra de lo que frecuentemente se cree, los ciudadanos americanos por naturalizacià ³n no pierden la ciudadanà ­a si abandonan Estados Unidos y se van a vivir de forma definitiva a otro paà ­s. Esa situacià ³n se daba en el pasado, con otras leyes, pero ya no es asà ­. En segundo lugar, Estados Unidos permite la doble nacionalidad, es decir, no exige que se renuncie a la de nacimiento como condicià ³n para adquirir la estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Sin embargo, antes de solicitar la naturalizacià ³n es aconsejable verificar las leyes del paà ­s de origen porque en muchos casos adquirir la ciudadanà ­a de Estados Unidos puede significar perder automticamente la del paà ­s de origen. Ciudadanà ­a derivada automtica para hijos de naturalizados Cuando una persona adquiere la nacionalidad americana por naturalizacià ³n, sus hijos se convierten en estadounidenses de forma automtica siempre y cuando: Sean menores de 18 aà ±os y residentes permanentes legales. Es decir, sean titulares de su propia tarjeta de residencia.Que vivan con el pap o la mam que se convierte en ciudadano y que à ©ste tenga su custodia fà ­sica y legal de los menores de edad. Esto es asà ­ desde el 27 de febrero de 2001, cuando entrà ³ en vigor la reforma de la Ley de Ciudadanà ­a para Nià ±os, conocida como CCA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s. Esa fecha es muy importante porque las reglas que aplicaban con anterioridad eran diferentes. Por lo tanto, las personas en esa situacià ³n deberà ­an obtener ms informacià ³n en este enlace sobre cà ³mo probar la ciudadanà ­a americana derivada en estos casos y quà © sucede con las personas en esta situacià ³n con anterioridad a la entrada en aplicacià ³n de la nueva ley. Adopcià ³n por parte de ciudadanos estadounidenses Los nià ±os nacidos en el extranjero que son adoptados por ciudadanos americanos adquieren, por lo general, la nacionalidad de sus padres. Pero existen diversos casos que conviene conocer  ya que es posible en algunos casos que se adquiera la situacià ³n de residente permanente legal. Nacidos en el extranjero cuando los padres son americanos o derecho de sangre Las personas nacidas en otro paà ­s son americanas desde el momento de su nacimiento si el padre, la madre o ambos son estadounidenses. Pero siempre y cuando se cumplan una serie de requerimientos  muy estrictos que son diferentes si ambos padres son ciudadanos, si sà ³lo es uno de ellos y si estn solteros o casados. Las personas interesadas pueden informarse sobre los requisitos que deben cumplirse para transmitir por derecho de sangre la nacionalidad  por padre o madre al hijo nacido en el extranjero, lo que tambià ©n se conoce como derecho de sangre o ius sanguinis. Cuando no se cumplan, en algunos casos todavà ­a ser posible que el menor obtenga la ciudadanà ­a pero a travà ©s de un abuelo y pasando por un proceso de naturalizacià ³n. Derechos y obligaciones de ciudadanos En Estados Unidos, los ciudadanos gozan de derechos y privilegios reservados para ellos. Por ejemplo, pueden votar registrndose previamente, viajar con pasaporte de EE.UU., desempeà ±ar ciertos trabajos federales reservados para ellos, pedir los papeles a ms familiares que los residentes permanentes, etc. Pero tambià ©n tienen obligaciones que continà ºan a aplicar incluso aunque residan habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos, como es, por ejemplo, la de pagar impuestos o, en el caso de los varones jà ³venes, anotarse al Servicio Selectivo. Todos los pros y cons de adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana deberà ­an tenerse en cuenta antes de adquirirla. Puntos claves: 5 formas de adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana En la actualidad, existen 5 formas de adquirir la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense:Nacimiento: para todos excepto hijos de diplomticosNaturalizacià ³n: cuando un residente permanente legal decide hacerse ciudadano Derivacià ³n: para algunos hijos de los residentes permanentes legales que se convierten en ciudadanos.Adopcià ³n: para nià ±os nacidos en el extranjeros y adoptados por estadounidensesSangre: para nià ±os nacidos en el extranjero hijos de ciudadanos americanos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Colorado School of Mines GPA, SAT ACT Requirements

Colorado School of Mines GPA, SAT ACT Requirements Admission to Colorado School of Mines is selective, and in 2015, only 38% of all applicants were admitted. To get in, youre going to need grades and standardized test scores that are well above average. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of 3.5 or higher, SAT scores (RWM) of about 1200 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 24 or higher. The higher those numbers, the better your chances of receiving an acceptance letter. The average ACT composite for accepted students is 30. Note that there are many red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) hidden behind the green and blue throughout the graph. Many students with grades and test scores that were on target for Colorado School of Mines did not get in. Note also that a few students were accepted with test scores and grades a little bit below the norm. This is because Mines uses has holistic admissions admission decisions are based on more than numerical data. The Mines application asks for information about your extracurricular activities and awards, and you also have the opportunity to provide a personal statement. The college also pays close attention to the rigor of your high school courses, especially in math. How Do You Measure Up? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In with this free tool from Cappex. To learn more about Colorado School of Mines, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: Colorado School of Mines Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? If You Like Colorado School of Mines, You May Also Like These Schools   Stanford University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCal Poly:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCarnegie Mellon University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHarvey Mudd College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Anking Concept of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anking Concept of Education - Essay Example When there is no conversation in a class, negative contestation and arguments may arise. Thus the conversation is a mind opener. Instead of permitting a traditional classroom with the lecture method of teaching, teachers should try out the problem posing technique to enhance learning. Problem posing starts where a teacher listens to students’ issues, then based on what she heard, she can select and put forward a well-known situation back to the students in codified forms such as written dialogues, drawings, stories, or even photographs. Each situation has social and personal conflicts that are emotionally charged for the learners. A teacher can present a sequence of inductive questions so that she can move the discussion of that specific situation from the real to a more analytic level (Freire 30). The teacher can use this method by directing learners to outline the problem, understand how the issue applies to them or affect their lives, determine the root of the issue, genera lize to the other students, and ultimately give opinions on how to solve the problem. An example to show the discussion above can be drawn from my own educational experience in high school. I can recall how my life during this time was like. My mother owned one of the biggest and popular beauty salon in my community. Every Sunday of the week was a day for my English teacher to come and style her hair in my mother’s salon. Just like any adolescent can do, I used to have conversations with my mother about careers and teaching was one of the careers we discussed most. I remember having told her on several occasions that I could not think of being a teacher at any point in life. My conscience was never wrong when I thought my English teacher and my mom used to discuss much about my progress. It was during these conversations that mom told Mrs Midiwo that I really hate the teaching profession. What I dint know was that Mrs Midiwo was building knowledge about me and that one day sh e would raise a discussion about the topic. It was that chilly Monday morning and my mother had told me the last night that they talked about my lack of interest in the teaching profession. I learned that my mother really wanted me to pursue the course in future and she had convinced Mrs. Midiwo to address the issue in the best way possible so that I could develop a bit of interest in the profession. There comes Mrs Midiwo and she introduces a topic about the rate of unemployment in the country. This was a situation that was familiar to most of my colleagues. After asking as to name some of the professions we knew, she asked as to meditate on the number of jobless people we had seen around. The teacher then asked, â€Å"Why do you think people get hardships in finding jobs?† After we stated our opinions, she directed the question to me by asking, â€Å"what kind of job do you hate most, and why?† I was already confused on what to say because I remembered that she knew my thoughts about the topic through my mother, and I had to be honest enough to shout; â€Å"teaching.† I have never felt so guilty but I was glad that she was so friendly and dint mean to imply anything. Even though my friends laughed, she seemed happy to have gotten a honest answer from me and this is what led way for the discussion. She encouraged us by mentioning some of the advantages of the teaching

Comparison and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison and contrast - Essay Example A living situation that causes one to become more reliant on fluorescent lighting even during the day time. A walk down the street has the skyscrapers, billboards, and other man made obstructions blocking the natural lighting of the sun. You take a walk along the street an deeply inhale the smog and other pollutants in the air as you start your daily grind. Compare this with the joy of small town living where no structure is higher than a three floor building. You wake up to natural lighting as the sun warms you up by peeking into the breaks of your light window curtains that are meant to keep the heat out but the natural lighting in. You leave your home to walk the streets and feel the warm glow of the sun enveloping your body. While the crisp, dew filled air fills your lungs as you take that morning stroll around your block, getting some early morning exercise in as you prepare to begin your day. We can live our whole lives in the city and never know the names of the people living next door to us. Nor could we be bothered to find out and care about them. They are simply house number tenants in our book. Not really necessary parts of our lives. Small town neighbors on the other hand, help one develop a sense of familiarity and concern for one another as the neighborhoods tend to be closely knit and bonded in such a way that city dwellers will never know. Small town America is where the neighbors know each others names and are actually there for one another should one need any sort of assistance. City life is all about a race against time and the battle to accomplish as many errands and personal needs as possible within a 24 hour or less time frame. Urbanites are clock watchers who seem to consider time as an enemy who needs to be beaten. The errands never seem to get done and the stores, banks, and other places of business do not seem to stay open long enough for the purposes that we need. Urban living is physically tiresome. Small town residents however, seem to have a friend in Father Time. Maybe it is because they are the kind of people who are â€Å"early to bed and early to rise†. Or maybe it is because they know one another and trust each other immensely. But it seems like even though stores and business establishments close early in small town America, all the errands manage to get done. Even on days when one chooses to sleep in, any errands that are pending will magically find a way to get done within the same day, and one will not feel physically taxed from the activity. Some small town residents say this is happens because everyone does their job with a smile on their faces. While the city dwellers tend to do their jobs just because they have to do it. They could really care less about whether your gas bill gets paid or not. It's just part of the paycheck to them. City dwellers tend to be highly sociable night time people. The day for most modern, professional urbanites does not actually start until the clock strikes fiv e and they hit the bars in their latest outfits and cars. Social time in the city relies heavily on spending a lot of money in order to participate in any activity that can be considered social. But the small town counterparts manage to socialize at a decent hour. Since the small towns tend to wind down early and get to bed as early as 9 pm, there is a tendency for their social life to be

In what way does the Aeneid fulfill its aim to provide the Romans with Essay

In what way does the Aeneid fulfill its aim to provide the Romans with a national epic - Essay Example It shall be argued that, far from being a strictly literary work, Aeneid was an integral part of Augustan project of rebuilding Roman national identity, with apparent focus going from Republican virtues to the notion of divine predestination of Romans to rule the world and to the idea of divine mission of Julian dynasty as heirs to Aeneas. In this work, I will use three main sources. The first one, Epic and empire: Politics and generic form from Virgil to Milton, is a book by Quint (1993) that examines the influences of epic poems on state ideologies. Focusing on Aeneid, in particular, Quint (1993) observes that it was used to enshrine the autocratic rule of Julio-Claudian emperors, starting from Caesar Augustus himself, and that the political character of Aeneid signified the final politicization of heroic epics that began with Alexander’s appropriation of image of Achilles (Quint, 1993, p. 8). The second source, Virgil's gaze: Nation and poetry in the Aeneid, authored by Ree d (2007), explores Aeneid from the standpoint of its character as a form of Roman foundational myth, itself appropriated from Hellenistic culture.

English and Vietnamese Language Comparison

English and Vietnamese Language Comparison Name: NGUY N HOÀI NHI A Contrastive Analysis of Metaphors Relating to Some Upper Parts of Human Body between English and Vietnamese Abstract This paper presents the results of a study on metaphors relating to some upper parts of human body between English and Vietnamese. There are four upper parts of human body consists of eye, nose, ear and mouth are chosen for data analysis. Nguyen Hoa (2004) classification of metaphors are based on their degree of unexpectedness. The results show that living metaphors, faded metaphors and dead metaphors are three main types of metaphors. Also, metaphors are varied from one language to another due to peoples life experience, world views or peoples cognition of the outside world and the language users culture. Introduction One of the most vital functions of language is to name the world or express human thoughts through a system of concepts. In any case, the concepts expressed through language do not exist in seclusion from each other. Or maybe, they exist cooperatively in the language and make up a giant network with numerous interconnections and relationship among the different subparts. A good example of these interconnections includes metaphor, the comprehension of one concept regarding another. Metaphor is not only used in literary or poetic language but also utilized in everyday conversational language. It can be seen that metaphor is used to express ideas sensibly and vividly as it has great expressive power. Furthermore, it also convey more of the human feeling, emotion and attitude towards what is said rather than the non-metaphorical. One interesting idea in the language is that people got to know their own body and gave names to its parts. And then the human beings began comparing the surrounding things with their own body and finding common features in the process of cognition of the world. So the names of some upper parts of human body are transferred to refer many other things in the real world. They are personified to possess the same names with the some upper parts of human body. For instance, in English the word foot denotes to the lowest part of the human and then on it is metaphorically used to denote to the lowest part of many things, for example, the foot of the hill. Not only in English but also in Vietnamese also use of metaphors, in such a way, many words referring parts of human body are also used metaphorically. For instance, the word chà ¢n in Vietnamese equivalent to the word foot in English is used as a metaphor to denote to the lowest part of the hill: Chà ¢n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i. The way individual words, however, are used is not always the same in both languages. For instance, the word eye in English is metaphorically used to denote to the hole of the needle, while the word mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t in Vietnamese is not used in such a way. It is metaphorically, however, used to denote to holes of a woven basket in another case. E.g. Eye of the needle vs Mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t rà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢. It can be inferred that the words denoting some upper parts of human body are used metaphorically in English and Vietnamese and the way each word is used is varied in both languages. The way metaphors are used is because of peoples life experience, world views and the language users culture. So metaphors are varied from one language to another. There are some questions arise: How are the words denoting upper parts of human body used metaphorically in both English and Vietnamese?, How much are they similar? and How much do they differ from each other?. For this reasons, the study titled A contrastive analysis of metaphors relating to some upper parts of human body between English and Vietnamese will be answer the questions mentioned. Literature review 2.1. What is metaphor? Metaphor that comes from the Greek for transference. According to Vo Dai Quang (2003, p.33), metaphor is word meaning transference based on similarity between two things as regards function, character, size, shape, age, colour, etc. As the following example: E.g. She is a snake. That is, the word snake has negative connotation because it is thought to be very dangerous and poisonous to people. Basing on this meaning, it is transferred to mention to the character of a person to imply that she is a dangerous person. The similarity in this situation between an animal and a person is about the character. Hence, this definition is clear and parabolic. However, there is a question to be posed why do people have to use such an implicit way to convey the idea?. According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (1995, p.734), metaphor is defined as the imaginative use of a word or a phrase to describe somebody/something as another object in order to show that they have the same qualities and as to make the description more forceful. This definition is not as cleared as the above -mentioned definition about the association of similarity, however, it takes the use and the effect of metaphor into consideration. If we say She is a dangerous person, it is not as forceful to the hearer as we say She is a snake. Likewise, metaphor can convey the imagination of the language users so it is clearly more powerful and effective in communication. Metaphor also be defined as follows an extension in the use of the word beyond its primary meaning to describe referents that bear similarities to the words primary referent(Language-its structure and use,1994). The term extension mentions to the meaning of the word that can be extended beyond its literal meaning. So metaphor here is dealt with as a means of creating and expanding meaning to depict other referents which are similar to the words primary referent. Look at the above once more. The primary referent of the word snake is one type of animal and in this metaphor, it mentions to another referent that is a risky person. This should be possible on the basis of the resemblance between the two referents. The definition given by Barcelone (2000, p.3) in which metaphor is defined as Metaphor is the cognitive mechanism whereby one experiential domain is partially mapped or projected onto a different experiential domain so that the second domain is partially understood in terms of the first one. In this definition, metaphor is understood as a conceptual projection whereby one experiential domain is understood regarding another. The character of a person, in the above example, is understood regarding a character of a snake. Generally, metaphor mentioned above is viewed from different angles. Basically, it is the way we call one object by the name of another because we compare these objects and pick up some common features between them. It is necessary to distinguish metaphor, simile and metonymy because they are closely related. To begin with, metaphor and simile are forms of comparison. We compare two unlike things together in two ways. Metaphor, however, is hidden comparison and simile is the open comparison. Take the following examples: E.g. Tom is the head of the department. Tom is like the head of the department. The word head implies one part of human body that comprise the brain and can control the activity of the rest of the body. In this above example, the word head means to the people taking the controlling function as the leader in the department. It can be understood implicitly in the first example and in the second one, it can be understood explicitly. Putting it on the scale, metaphor is an equation and simile is an approximation. Obviously, they take different values and effects to the hearer. Metaphor and metonymy are two types of transference of meaning. One object is named and understood regarding another. Metaphor, however, is based on the association of similarity while metonymy is based on the association of contiguity. Look at the two following examples: E.g. She is the head of the department Two heads are better than one In the first example, the word head refers to the leader and it is can be understood regarding the similarity of function; the head of human body and the leader of the department carry the mission to control the rest parts of the whole. In contrast, the word heads in the second example refers to people because they are related to each other- head is one part of human body. It can be done on the basis of part-whole relation in which the name of the part is used to refer to the whole. Obviously, metaphor is related to simile and metonymy but it is quite distinguished from them. In addition, how metaphors function in language and they are classified will be showed as follow. 2.2. Functions of metaphors Metaphors are diverse in terms of values and functions in language, however, in this study only three basic functions given by a Vietnamese language specialist, Dinh Trong Lac(1994, p.53), are mentioned. According to him, there are three basic functions of metaphors namely naming, cognitive and symbolic functions and basing on this he can group metaphors together. 2.2.1. Naming function Firstly, the function of metaphors talked about is to name things. This is only the technical means to utilize the ready- made vocabulary to offer names to different things basing on the similarity between them. For instance, the lowest part of the mountain is known as the foot of the mountain as the foot on the human body is the lowest part. These metaphors are of almost no or very little rhetoric value but they can reflect the way in which things on the planet are seen together. They are just planned to offer names to things basing on the experience with the existing vocabulary. 2.2.2. Cognitive function Secondly, the function of metaphors is to cognize or conceptualize things. These metaphors do not offer new names to things however conceptualize them as far as another. These metaphors operates between two domains, one domain is conceptualized regarding another. For instance, in the domain of weather, when it is sunny, the sun is sparkling and brings charming climate that can make people cheerful and agreeable. So the word sunny has positive value and it is exchanged to discuss the mood of people as in the following illustration. E.g. By the time he visited the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, John was in a sunny mood. That is, John felt exceptionally cheerful and optimistic. Hereby, the human mood is conceptualized and comprehended under the words about weather. These metaphors are likewise conventional and of little rhetoric impact. 2.2.3. Symbolic function Lastly, the function of metaphors is to symbolize things. This function is usually thought to be the conventional function of metaphors. For example, the flower regularly symbolizes for the beauty. So it is frequently compared to the womans beauty. E.g. Beauty is a flower which wrinkles will devour. In the above illustration, the flower is compared to the beauty of woman that will devour like the flower. This kind of metaphors reflect the imaginative and creative way individuals assess and explain things, which can make their language more expressive and persuasive. They are extremely popular in poetic language. All in all, metaphors convey three major functions in language which are naming, cognitive and symbolic functions. Basing on that, metaphors relating to upper parts of human body are in the first group which are used to give names to things in the world. 2.3. Kinds of metaphors Metaphors can be classified basing on their degree of unexpectedness. According to Nguyen Hoa (2004, p.109), there are three main kinds of metaphors namely living metaphors, faded metaphors and dead metaphors. 2.3.1. Living metaphors When a word is unexpected and quite unpredictable is called living metaphor. It is used in unusual meaning and metaphor is easily recognized by the hearer. It is created and used by individuals. E.g. She is my sun It can be seen that the sun lights our earth by day, which can makes peoples life brighter and more joyful. Hence, when a people who is thought to make the others life brighter and more joyful is viewed as the sun. These metaphors are called creative or poetic metaphors as it reflects the creative use of language and they are appended to the symbolic functions as mentioned above are especially utilized in literature and poetry. They are not common in everyday language usage. They are sometimes called genuine metaphors becauseit is the common sense when people discuss metaphors and they have great rhetoric effect on the hearer. 2.3.2. Faded metaphors Metaphor which lost its freshness because of long use and traditional use and became habitual in daily language usage. For example, gold is one sort of very valuable material and when people mention the adjective golden, it implies that something made of gold. Besides, it is say that golden youth, it means that the adolescent in a mans life is likewise as valuable as gold. Metaphors are so normal in everyday language that they are sometimes not felt as metaphors. These metaphors can bring about polysemy of so many words in language. Among the functions examined, they are attached to the naming and cognitive functions. 2.3.3. Dead metaphors Dead metaphor- where metaphoric sense is not felt at all because they have lost their indirect meaning and are used only figuratively. For instance, the word capital in English used to mean the head which is considered as the most critical part on the human body. So it was metaphorically used to refer to the most important city or town of a country which is usually the center of government. Hence, it was metaphorically used to refer to the most important city or town of a nation which is generally the center of government. But now the word capital is not utilized literally as the head of the human body, however, it just means the capital of the country as in the sentence: Paris is the capital of France. These metaphors do not make up many in language. Indeed, these metaphors are difficult or almost impossible to be recognized as metaphors. In general, there are three principle sorts of metaphors which are living, faded and dead metaphors. In short, metaphors relating to parts of human body are called faded metaphors since they become the means of everyday language to give names to things in the world. Aim and objectives of the study This study is conducted with the aims of theoretical and practical. Theoretically is proposed to give a profound and methodical review on the metaphorical uses of words meaning upper parts of human body in both English and Vietnamese and attempt to clarify the reasons why the words are utilized as a part of such ways. Meantime, it is gone for finding the features that English and Vietnamese impart to and vary from each other in the utilization of metaphors relating to upper parts of human body. Practically is proposed to empower learners of English to have an understanding into metaphors relating to upper parts of human body in English and additionally in their mother tongue so they can improve their vocabulary of the language they are learning and decipher them effectively in communication or translate them well into their own mother tongue and vice versa. Research methodology 4.1. Approach intended for the study Here the two languages to be specific English and Vietnamese are compared and contrasted. In this contrastive analysis, English is dealt with as the instrumental language and Vietnamese is the target language. In this manner, any instances of metaphors relating to upper parts of human body in English will be recorded and analyzed first and after that they will be compared and contrasted with Vietnamese to discover the similarities and differences between the two languages. 4.2. Methods of the study This study is conducted with a combination of the comparative and contrastive. Firstly, the theoretical background of metaphors will be given talked about through the basic readings of related materials. Besides, once general theories are given, the data about specific cases of metaphors relating to upper parts of human body in two languages utilized for illustration will be gathered from different sources of data, for example, dictionaries, books, daily papers, magazines furthermore practical observation. Thirdly, it is to choose the typical examples and analyze them. In the meantime, comparative and contrastive techniques will be used to discover the common and the distinguished features in the utilization of metaphors relating to upper parts of human body between English and Vietnamese. Finally, some conclusions will be made about what has been analyzed and compared. 4.3. Metaphors relating to some upper parts of human body in English and Vietnamese 4.3.1. Metaphors relating to eye in English and mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t in Vietnamese We can easily find some common features in the metaphorical use of the words denoting eyes between the two languages. Firstly, our eyes are round and small in shape, in two languages, the two words eye and mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t imply to the shape of a potato. It has many circled and many small spot on it. For example: In English: Eye of the potato In Vietnamese: Mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t khoai tà ¢y (English-Vietnamese Dictionary, 1993, p.581) Moreover, the word mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t in Vietnamese is refer to many small and rounded-shaped things on the peel of many sorts of fruit and things. In contrast, the word eye in English is not refer to these cases. Look at the table below. Table 1: In English In Vietnamese None in English Mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t tre, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t mà ­a, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©a, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t xà ­ch, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t rà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢, etc.. However, the word eye in English denote the eye-shaped spots on the tail of the peacock and piece of metal used together with a hook in order to fasten clothes. For example, Eye of the peacocks tail (Vocabulary, p.26), Hook and eye of the dress (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 1995, p.410) In English and Vietnamese, when we see into a persons eyes and the central position of the eyes when we see around, the words eye and mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t refer to the centre of the cyclone and wind blows. For example, in English: Eye of the storm, Eye of the wind while in Vietnamese: Mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t bà £o (English-Vietnamese Dictionary, 1993, p.581) Another interesting point is that the world becomes bright and clear when we open our eyes and see and when the sun rises and opens on a day, the world is also sheeny. Hence, the British calls the sun the eye of the day. Similarly, the British also calls the private eye when our eyes has function of observing others secretly to get information. However, Vietnamese has not these interesting features as in English. 4.3.2. Metaphors relating to nose in English and mÃ…Â ©i in Vietnamese First of all, the nose which is the front part pointing in shape so it used to refer to the front pointed part of an airplane. For instance, in English: He brought the aircrafts nose up and made a perfect landing, whereas in Vietnamese Anh ta là ¡i mÃ…Â ©i mà ¡y bay là ªn và   thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±c hià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡ cà ¡nh hoà  n hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £o (English-Vietnamese Dictionary, 1993, p.1140) Another interesting is that Vietnamese used the word mÃ…Â ©i in order to denote to part of some tools or objects. In contrast, the word nose in English is not used in such a way. To understand clearly about the lexemes nose and mÃ…Â ©i, the below table will be illustrate. Table 2: In English In Vietnamese nose of an airplane none in English nose of a car none in English mÃ…Â ©i mà ¡y bay mÃ…Â ©i Cà   Mau none in Vietnamese mÃ…Â ©i kim Especially, the word mÃ…Â ©i in Vietnamese is figuratively used to refer to the forward direction of the attack of the soldiers. But English does not share this interesting feature as in Vietnamese. 4.3.3. Metaphors relating to ear in English and tai in Vietnamese The ears are of organ of hearing, they are the small and curved parts that locate at the sides of the head. The two lexemes ear and tai in both languages are used in metaphors to denote to the parts of things which have the similar features. However, they are used to denote to do not the same in some cases. The table below will be illustrate. Table 3: In English In Vietnamese none in English none in English none in English ear of a corn ear of a newspaper ear of the jug tai nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥m tai bà ¨o tai cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi xay none in Vietnamese none in Vietnamese tai bà ¬nh Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ±ng nÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc In the above table, there are some similar in both languages in the way that the words referring the ear are used to denote to the small and curved part on the side of a container such as jug and cup. But the word tai in some cases Vietnamese is used to denote to the two parts on both sides of the mortar in the expression tai cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi xay. In contrast, the word ear in English is not used to share this. Similarly, the word tai in Vietnamese is used to denote to the bud of a mushroom while the word ear in English is not used to share it. However, in the same way, it is used to denote to the small part of a corn in the expression ear of a corn. Another interesting is that the word ear is used to denote to the minor and short piece of a newspaper in the expression ear of a newspaper but the equivalent do not exist in Vietnamese. Generally, there are some common and distinguished features in the metaphorical use of the words denoting the mouth between the English and Vietnamese. 4.3.4. Metaphors relating to mouth in English and mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng in Vietnamese In both in English and Vietnamese, there are numerous common features in the metaphorical use of the words denoting the mouth. It can be seen that when we open the mouth, it can work as the passage for the nourishment or drink to go in. So, the word mouth and mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng, in both languages, are used to refer to the open part of something especially containers through which we can place things in. For example, in English: A decorative pattern round the mouth of the bag. (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 1995, p.760) That is, the bag is one kind of containers and we place something in it through the open and front part of it called the mouth. Similarly, the word mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng tà ºi in Vietnamese is equivalent to this case in English. However, the equivalents of the two words mouth and mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng do not exist in both English and Vietnamese. For instance, the word mouth in English is used to denote to the open part of a cave or river, whereas the word mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng in Vietnamese is used to denote to the open part of an injury. And here are some examples: Table 4: In English In Vietnamese none in English mouth of the river none in English mouth of the architect mouth of the box mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng ăn none in Vietnamese mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng và ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t thÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng none in Vietnamese mià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ng hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢p In short, there are some similarities and differences in the use of the words denoting the mouth between the two languages. Results and discussion All in all, the discoveries about the similarities and differences in the metaphors relating to upper parts of human body has clearly demonstrated the common and distinguished features in the way in which English and Vietnamese think and view the world surrounding them. In both countries, people all comprehend parts of their body well in shape, position, function, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and relate these features to features of things in the world to name them by utilizing the names of upper parts of the body. In the specific cases, however, they utilize a certain word about a part of human body to refer things are not always the same as they think and view the world differently. In addition, people in each nation have their own way and habitat of utilizing the language creatively so this prompts to the distinctions in the metaphors in the both languages. For these reason, the existence of similarities and differences in the metaphors relating to upper parts of human body in two languages are reasonable and understandable. Moreover, metaphors relating to upper parts of human body can help to create new meanings that enrich the vocabulary in two languages. Another interesting is that metaphor is one kind of personification (Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Văn Chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n, 1992) because everything in the world is not seen in but in the relationship with human beings. It means that things in the world are always found in the associative eye of people. I hoped that the findings about the basic metaphors relating to upper parts of human body in this study will help students not only to acquire these interesting and popular use of the words but also to motivate them in their further language study. Summary This study has provided a systematic and clear view on metaphors relating to upper parts of human body in English and Vietnamese. First and foremost, words denoting upper parts of human body are popularly used in metaphor in both languages. Secondly, the metaphors, in most cases, relating to them depend on the similar associations of their semantic features. The referents, however, they are used to refer in specific cases are not always similar. Last but not least, the more frequently the words are used in metaphors, the more similar features metaphors relating to them in English and Vietnamese share. If I have an opportunity in the future, my future research could be conducted to study the metaphorical use of the words denoting lower, medial and internal parts of human body and the different metaphorical use of the words referring human body parts when they function in other parts of speech such as verbs, adjectives, etc. I hope that this scope will become more various and meaningful and the reader will have a broader view about this interesting subject between the two languages. Implications The results of this study can help to suggest the following implications: In teaching English, understanding metaphors relating to some upper parts of human body can help student discover the connection between the metaphorical meaning and the literal meaning of the word to find the new meaning for themselves. As discussed above, there are many similarities and differences in the metaphorical use of words denoting some upper parts of human body between English and Vietnamese, hence the translators need to be aware of this in the process translation. That is, translators ought to keep away the word-for-word translation while translating these lexemes as they are differently utilized in each language, by people in each nation. References English: Barcelona, Antonio(2000).Metaphor and metonymy at the crossroads.Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Crowther J. (1995).Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary.Oxford University Press E. Finegan. Language: Its Structure and Use, 2nd ed. Harcourt Brace, 1994. Quang, Vo Dai(2003).Semantics.Vietnam National University, College of Foreign Languages. Hoa, Nguyen(2004).Understanding English Semantics.Vietnam National University, College of Foreign Language.